Regulatory Controls
Table of Contents
Introduction
Question 1(a): The background and purpose of STCW 78, 95 and the Manilla Amendments 2010
Question 1(b): Role IMO and WHO have on ships and their Crews
Question 1(c): Purpose of International Labour Organization and its mission
Question 2 (a): How a senior officer ensures he gets the best from his team
Question 2 (b): Difference of the terms fatigue and stress, and factors that can recognise and alleviate the problems of a vessel
Question 2 (c): Record keeping involved regarding hours of rest and the involvement port states authorities have regarding this
Question 3(a): Marine insurance of vessel and cargo
Question 3(b): Protection and indemnity (P&I) clubs
Question 4(a): The need for management structure and priorities
Question 4(b): Purpose of appraisal systems
Question 4(c): Difference between surveys and audits and relationship between ISN and the need for audits
Conclusion
References
MARINE MANAGEMENT
Introduction
Marine management is an important aspect of conservation of the aquaculture. Different countries have put up sophisticated and complex mechanisms of regulation of their marine aquaculture. The government is dedicated to marine conservation so as to reduce impacts that can bring distractions in marine life. To achieve this goal, countries have adopted procedures and environmental safeguards that include regulatory, control and monitoring procedures (Read & Fernandes, 2003). The safeguards are formulated from the best technologies and the best available expertise (Agardy, 2010). It is in this context that this paper will explore some of the issues and procedures involved in marine management. The discussion will be guided by questions for each section.
Question 1(a): The background and purpose of STCW 78, 95 and the Manilla Amendments 2010
The Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) for Seafarers came into force on 28th April 1984. This was an effort to establish an international set of minimum but mandatory requirements for training of seafarers, their certification and watch keeping. The STCW was later amended and revised in 1995, explaining the acronym STCW 95. The certification also includes the Technical Annex, which is existing and is derived from STCW 78. This has further been divided into regulations, and a new STCW Code, which is comprised of various technical regulations. The Code has part A and part B. Part A is mandatory while part B gives the recommended advice and guidance on the implementation of the Convention (House & Saeed, 2006). The revisions in STCW 95 were motivated by the need to tackle key issues such as fatigue, enhanced training on specified vessel types, medical fitness as well as giving enhanced procedures about control of the port state. A key amendment was the need for all parties to STCW to report constantly to the IMO the measures taken to demonstrate compliance by enforcement of national laws, certification procedures, training courses, and aspects like examination facilities (Churchill & Ulfstein, 2005). The Code specifies the levels of knowledge, giving an understanding, proficiency and the methods to be used in the determination of the competence of candidates for them to undertake various functions associated with different levels of responsibility (Great …
